This study represents cases of working channel, transforaminal spinal endoscopy performed using an endoscope which, because of its small size and flexibility, can bend up to 90 degrees, and pass completely through the foramen into the spinal canal, to directly remove free fragments and reconfigure disc, relieving root and dural displacement at a lumbar levels. The percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic technique can be effective, safe approach for disc removal through the foramen, especially in cases where the disc presents itself for direct removal.

Read This Article